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Deepak Chopra

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Deepak Chopra
Deepak Chopra (2011).jpg
Chopra on January 13, 2011
Born (1947-10-22) October 22, 1947 (age 67)[1]
New Delhi, India
Nationality American[2]
Ethnicity Indian American
Occupation Alternative medicine advocate, public speaker, writer, physician
Salary US$8.2 million (2013)[3]
Spouse(s) Rita Chopra
Children Mallika Chopra and Gotham Chopra
Parent(s) Krishan Chopra, Pushpa Chopra
Website
www.deepakchopra.com

Deepak Chopra (/ˈdiːpɑːk ˈtʃoʊprə/ Hindustani pronunciation: [d̪iːpək tʃoːpraː]; born October 22, 1947) is an Indian-born American author and public speaker.[4][5] He is an alternative medicine advocate and a promoter of popular forms of spirituality, who has been described by the New York Times as a "controversial New-Age guru"[6] though Chopra says guru is "a title I’ve rejected for thirty years".[7] Through his books and videos, he has become one of the best-known and wealthiest figures in the holistic-health movement.[8]

Chopra obtained a medical degree in India before emigrating in 1970 to the United States.[citation needed] As a physician he specialized in endocrinology and became Chief of Staff at the New England Memorial Hospital (NEMH). In the 1980s he began to practice transcendental meditation (TM). In 1985 he resigned his position at NEMH to establish the Maharishi Ayurveda Health Center. Chopra left the TM movement in 1994 and founded the Chopra Center for Wellbeing. He gained a following in the 1990s after his interview on the The Oprah Winfrey Show regarding his books.[9][10]

Chopra states that, combining principles from Ayurveda (Hindu traditional medicine) and mainstream medicine, his approach to health incorporates ideas about the mind-body relationship, a belief in teleology in nature and a belief in the primacy of consciousness over matter – that "consciousness creates reality".[11] He claims that his practices can extend the human lifespan and treat chronic disease.[12][13]

His beliefs and ideas are criticized by scientists and medical professionals[14] who say that his treatments rely on the placebo effect,[8] that he misuses terms and ideas from quantum physics (quantum mysticism), and that he provides people with false hope which obscures the possibility of effective medical treatment.[15] The medical and scientific communities' opinion of him ranges from dismissive to damning; criticism includes statements that his approach could lure sick people away from effective treatments.[14]

Biography[edit]

Early life and education[edit]

Chopra was born in New Delhi, India, to Krishan Lal Chopra (1919–2001) and Pushpa Chopra; his native language is Punjabi.[16]

His paternal grandfather was a sergeant in the British Army. His father was a prominent cardiologist, head of the department of medicine and cardiology at New Delhi's Mool Chand Khairati Ram Hospital for over 25 years; he was also a lieutenant in the British army, serving as an army doctor at the front at Burma and acting as a medical adviser to Lord Mountbatten, viceroy of India.[17] As of 2014 Chopra's younger brother, Sanjiv, is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and on staff at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.[18]


Chopra completed his primary education at St. Columba's School in New Delhi and graduated from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in 1969.[citation needed] He spent his first months as a doctor working in rural India, including, he writes, six months in a village where the lights went out whenever it rained.[19] It was during his early career that he was drawn to study endocrinology, particularly neuroendocrinology, to find a biological basis for the influence of thoughts and emotions.[20]

He married in India in 1970 before emigrating with his wife that year to the United States (the couple have two children and three grandchildren as of 2014).[6] The Indian government had banned its doctors from sitting the American Medical Association exam needed to practice in America, so Chopra had to travel to Sri Lanka to take it. After passing he arrived, penniless, in the United States to take up a clinical internship at Muhlenberg Hospital in Plainfield, New Jersey, where doctors from overseas were being recruited to replace those serving in Vietnam.[21]

Between 1971 and 1977 he completed residencies in internal medicine at the Lahey Clinic in Burlington, Massachusetts, the VA Medical Center, St Elizabeth's Medical Center and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.[22] He earned his license to practice medicine in the state of Massachusetts in 1973, becoming board certified in internal medicine, specializing in endocrinology.[23]

East Coast years[edit]

Chopra taught at the medical schools of Tufts University, Boston University and Harvard University, and became Chief of Staff at the New England Memorial Hospital (later known as the Boston Regional Medical Center) in Stoneham, Massachusetts, before establishing a private practice in Boston in endocrinology.[24]

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi was an influence on Chopra in the 1980s.

While visiting New Delhi in 1981, he met the physician Brihaspati Dev Triguna, head of the Indian Council for Ayurvedic Medicine, whose advice prompted him to begin investigating Ayurvedic practices.[25] Chopra was "drinking black coffee by the hour and smoking at least a pack of cigarettes a day".[26] He took up transcendental meditation to help him stop; as of 2006 he continued to meditate for two hours every morning and half an hour in the evening.[27]

Chopra's involvement with TM led to a meeting, in 1984, with the leader of the TM movement, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, who asked him to establish an Ayurvedic health center.[28] He left his position at the NEMH. Chopra said that one of the reasons he left was his disenchantment at having to prescribe too many drugs: "[W]hen all you do is prescribe medication, you start to feel like a legalized drug pusher. That doesn't mean that all prescriptions are useless, but it is true that 80 percent of all drugs prescribed today are of optional or marginal benefit."[29]

He became the founding president of the American Association of Ayurvedic Medicine, one of the founders of Maharishi Ayur-Veda Products International, and medical director of the Maharishi Ayur-Veda Health Center in Lancaster, Massachusetts. The center charged between $2,850 and $3,950 a week for Ayurvedic cleansing rituals such as massages, enemas and oil baths; TM lessons cost an additional $1,000. Celebrity patients included Elizabeth Taylor.[30] Chopra also became one of the TM movement's spokespersons. In 1989 the Maharishi awarded him the title "Dhanvantari of Heaven and Earth" (Dhanvantari is the Hindu physician to the gods).[31] That year Chopra's Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind/Body Medicine was published, followed by Perfect Health: The Complete Mind/Body Guide (1990).[32]

West Coast years[edit]

Chopra in November 2006, speaking at Yahoo!

By 1992 Chopra was serving on the National Institute of Health's ad hoc panel on alternative medicine.[33] In June 1993 he moved to California as executive director of Sharp HealthCare's Institute for Human Potential and Mind/Body Medicine, and head of their Center for Mind/Body Medicine, a clinic in an exclusive resort in Del Mar, California that charged $4,000 a week and included Michael Jackson's family among its clients.[34] Chopra and Jackson first met in 1988 and remained friends for 20 years; when Jackson died in 2009 after being administered prescription drugs, Chopra said he hoped it would be a call to action against the "cult of drug-pushing doctors, with their co-dependent relationships with addicted celebrities".[35][36]


Chopra left the Transcendental Meditation movement around the time he moved to California in January 1994.[37] By his own account, the Maharishi had accused him of competing for the Maharishi's position as guru,[38] although Chopra rejects identification as a "guru".[39] According to Robert Todd Carroll, Chopra left the TM organization when it "became too stressful" and was a "hindrance to his success".[40] Cynthia Ann Humes writes that the Maharishi was concerned, and not only with regard to Chopra, that rival systems were being taught at lower prices.[41] Chopra, for his part, was worried that his close association with the TM movement might prevent Ayurvedic medicine from being accepted as legitimate, particularly after the problems with the JAMA article.[42] He also stated that he had become "uncomfortable with what I sensed was a cultish atmosphere around Maharishi".[43]

In 1995 Chopra was not licensed to practice medicine in California where he had a clinic; however, he did not see patients at this clinic "as a doctor" during this time.[44] In 2004 he received his California medical licence, and as of 2014 is affiliated with Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla, California.[45][46][47] Chopra is the owner and supervisor of the Mind-Body Medical Group within the Chopra Center, which in addition to standard medical treatment offers personalized advice about nutrition, sleep-wake cycles and stress management, based on mainstream medicine and Ayurveda.[48] He is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and member of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.[49] He was a practicing endocrinologist.[50]

Alternative medicine business[edit]

Chopra's Ageless Body, Timeless Mind: The Quantum Alternative to Growing Old was published in 1993.[9] The book and his friendship with Michael Jackson gained him an interview on July 12 that year on Oprah, which made him a household name. Paul Offit writes that within 24 hours Chopra had sold 137,000 copies of his book and 400,000 by the end of the week.[51] Four days after the interview, the Maharishi National Council of the Age of Enlightenment wrote to TM centers in the United States, instructing them not to promote Chopra, and his name and books were removed from the movement's literature and health centers.[52] Neuroscientist Tony Nader became the movement's new "Dhanvantari of Heaven and Earth".[53]

Sharp HealthCare changed ownership in 1996 and Chopra left to set up the Chopra Center for Wellbeing with neurologist David Simon, now located at the Omni La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California.[54] In his 2013 book Do You Believe in Magic?, Paul Offit writes that Chopra's business grosses approximately $20 million annually, and is built on the sale of various alternative medicine products such as herbal supplements, massage oils, books, videos and courses. A year's worth of products for "anti-aging" can cost up to $10,000, Offit wrote.[55] Chopra himself is estimated to be worth over $80 million as of 2014.[56] As of 2005, according to Srinivas Aravamudan, he was able to charge $25,000 to $30,000 per lecture five or six times a month.[57] Medical anthropologist Hans Baer said Chopra was an example of a successful entrepreneur, but that he focused too much on serving the upper-class through an alternative to medical hegemony, rather than a truly holistic approach to health.[58]

Teaching and other roles[edit]

As of 2014 Chopra serves as an adjunct professor at Columbia Business School and at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.[59][60] He participates annually as a lecturer at the Update in Internal Medicine event sponsored by Harvard Medical School and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.[61] Robert Carroll writes of Chopra charging $25,000 per lecture, "giving spiritual advice while warning against the ill effects of materialism".[62]

In 2014 Chopra founded ISHAR (Integrative Studies Historical Archive and Repository).[63] In 2012, Chopra joined the board of advisors for tech startup State.com, creating a browsable network of structured opinions.[64] In 2009 Chopra founded the Chopra Foundation, a tax-exempt 501(c) organization that raises funds to promote and research alternative health.[65] The Foundation sponsors annual Sages and Scientists conferences.[66] He sits on the board of advisors of the National Ayurvedic Medical Association.[67] Chopra founded the American Association for Ayurvedic Medicine (AAAM) and Maharishi AyurVeda Products International, though he later distanced himself from these organizations.[68] In 2005 Chopra was appointed as a senior scientist at The Gallup Organization.[69] Since 2004 he has been a board member of Men's Wearhouse, a men's clothing distributor.[70] In 2006 he launched Virgin Comics with his son Gotham Chopra and entrepreneur Richard Branson.[71]

Ideas and reception[edit]

Consciousness[edit]

Chopra speaks and writes regularly about metaphysics, the study of consciousness and Vedanta philosophy. He is a philosophical idealist, arguing for the primacy of consciousness over matter and for purpose and intelligence in nature – that mind, or "dynamically active consciousness", is a fundamental feature of the universe.[72]

In this view, consciousness is both subject and object.[73] It is consciousness, he writes, that creates reality; we are not "physical machines that have somehow learned to think...[but] thoughts that have learned to create a physical machine".[74] He argues that the evolution of species is the evolution of consciousness seeking to express itself as multiple observers; the universe experiences itself through our brains: "We are the eyes of the universe looking at itself".[75] He has been quoted as saying "Charles Darwin was wrong. Conscsiousness is key to evolution and we will soon prove that."[76] He opposes reductionist thinking in science and medicine, arguing that we can trace the physical structure of the body down to the molecular level and still have no explanation for beliefs, desires, memory and creativity.[77] In his book Quantum Healing, Chopra stated the conclusion that quantum entanglement links everything in the Universe, and therefore it must create consciousness.[78]

Approach to health care[edit]

Chopra argues that everything that happens in the mind and brain is physically represented elsewhere in the body, with mental states (thoughts, feelings, perceptions and memories) directly influencing physiology by means of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, oxytocin and serotonin. He has stated, "Your mind, your body and your consciousness – which is your spirit – and your social interactions, your personal relationships, your environment, how you deal with the environment, and your biology are all inextricably woven into a single process ... By influencing one, you influence everything."[79]

Chopra and physicians at the Chopra Center practise integrative medicine, combining the medical model of conventional Western medicine with alternative therapies such as yoga, mindfulness meditation, and Ayurveda.[80][81] According to Ayurveda, illness is caused by an imbalance in the patient's doshas or humours, and is treated with diet, exercise and meditative practices[82] – there is, however, no scientific evidence to show that Ayurveda is effective in treating any disease.[83]

In discussing health care, Chopra has used the term "quantum healing", which he defined in Quantum Healing (1989) as the "ability of one mode of consciousness (the mind) to spontaneously correct the mistakes in another mode of consciousness (the body)".[84] This attempted to wed the Maharishi's version of Ayurvedic medicine with concepts from physics, an example of what cultural historian Kenneth Zysk called "New Age Ayurveda".[85] The book introduced Chopra's view that a person's thoughts and feelings give rise to all cellular processes.[86]

Chopra coined the term quantum healing to invoke the idea of a process whereby a person's health "imbalance" is corrected by quantum mechanical means. Chopra said that quantum phenomena are responsible for health and wellbeing. He has attempted to integrate Ayurveda, a traditional Indian system of medicine, with quantum mechanics, in order to justify his teachings. According to Robert Carroll, he "charges $25,000 per lecture performance, where he spouts a few platitudes and gives spiritual advice while warning against the ill effects of materialism".[87]

Chopra has equated spontaneous remission in cancer to a change in quantum state, corresponding to a jump to "a new level of consciousness that prohibits the existence of cancer". Physics professor Robert L. Park has written that physicists "wince" at the "New Age quackery" in Chopra's cancer theories, and characterizes them as a cruel fiction, since adopting them in place of effective treatment risks compounding the ill effects of the disease with guilt, and might rule out the prospect of getting a genuine cure.[13]

Chopra's claims of quantum healing have attracted controversy due to what has been described as a "systematic misinterpretation" of modern physics.[88] Chopra's connections between quantum mechanics and alternative medicine are widely regarded in the scientific community as being invalid. The main criticism revolves around the fact that macroscopic objects are too large to exhibit inherently quantum properties like interference and wave function collapse. Most literature on quantum healing is almost entirely theosophical, omitting the rigorous mathematics that makes quantum electrodynamics possible.[89]

Physicists have objected to Chopra's use of terms from quantum physics; he was awarded the satirical Ig Nobel Prize in physics in 1998 for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness".[90] When Chopra and Jean Houston debated Sam Harris and Michael Shermer in 2010 on the question "Does God Have a Future?", Harris argued that Chopra's use of "spooky physics" merged two language games in a "completely unprincipled way".[91] Interviewed in 2007 by Richard Dawkins, Chopra said that he used the term quantum as a metaphor when discussing healing and that it had little to do with quantum theory in physics.[92]

Chopra wrote in 2000 that his AIDS patients were combining mainstream medicine with activities based on Ayurveda, including taking herbs, meditation and yoga.[93] He acknowledges that AIDS is caused by the HIV virus, but says that, "'[h]earing' the virus in its vicinity, the DNA mistakes it for a friendly or compatible sound". Ayurveda uses vibrations which are said to correct this supposed sound distortion.[94] Medical professor Lawrence Schneiderman writes that Chopra's treatment has "to put it mildly...no supporting empirical data".[95]

In 2001, ABC News aired a show segment on the topic of distance healing and prayer.[96] In it Chopra said that "there is a realm of reality that goes beyond the physical where in fact we can influence each other from a distance".[96] Chopra was shown using his claimed mental powers in an attempt to relax a person in another room, whose vital signs were recorded in charts which were said to show a correspondence between Chopra's periods of concentration and the subject's periods of relaxation.[96] After the show, a poll of its viewers found that 90% of them believed in distance healing.[97] Health and science journalist Christopher Wanjek has criticized the experiment, saying that any correspondence evident from the charts would prove nothing, but that even so freezing the frame of the video showed the correspondences were not so close as claimed. Wanjek characterized the broadcast as "an instructive example of how bad medicine is presented as exciting news" which had "a dependence on unusual or sensational science results that others in the scientific community renounce as unsound".[96]

Alternative medicine[edit]

See also: Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health and Quantum mysticism

Chopra has been described as "America's most prominent spokesman for Ayurveda".[68] He mixes ideas associated with quantum mechanics with Ayurvedic medicine in what he calls "quantum healing".[40]

Chopra has described the AIDS virus as emitting "a sound that lures the DNA to its destruction". The condition can be treated, according to Chopra, with "Ayurveda's primordial sound".[12] Taking issue with this view, medical professor Lawrence Schneiderman has said that ethical issues are raised when alternative medicine is not based on empirical evidence and that, "to put it mildly, Dr. Chopra proposes a treatment and prevention program for AIDS that has no supporting empirical data".[12]

The New York Times in 2013 stated that Deepak Chopra is "the controversial New Age guru and booster of alternative medicine".[6] He has become one of the best-known and wealthiest figures in the holistic-health movement.[8] In 1999 Time magazine included Chopra in its list of the 20th century's heroes and icons. The following year Mikhail Gorbachev referred to him as "one of the most lucid and inspired philosophers of our time". Cosmo Landesman wrote in 2005 that Chopra was "hardly a man now, more a lucrative new age brand – the David Beckham of personal/spiritual growth".[98] A 2008 article in Time magazine by Ptolemy Tompkins commented that for most of his career Chopra had been a "magnet for criticism": Tompkins wrote that the medical and scientific communities had voiced negative opinions of Chopra, which ranged from the "dismissive" to the "outright damning", particularly because Chopra's claims for the effectiveness of alternative medicine could lure sick people away from effective treatments. Tompkins however considered Chopra a "beloved" individual whose basic messages centered on "love, health and happiness" had made him rich because of their popular appeal.[14] English professor George O'Har argues that Chopra exemplifies the need of human beings for meaning and spirit in their lives, and places what he calls Chopra's "sophistries" alongside the emotivism of Oprah Winfrey.[99] Paul Kurtz writes that Chopra's "regnant spirituality" is reinforced by postmodern criticism of the notion of objectivity in science, while Wendy Kaminer equates Chopra's views with irrational belief systems such as New Thought, Christian Science, and Scientology.[100]

Aging[edit]

Chopra believes that "ageing is simply learned behaviour" that can be slowed or prevented.[101] Chopra has said that he expects "to live way beyond 100".[102] He states that "by consciously using our awareness, we can influence the way we age biologically...You can tell your body not to age."[103] Conversely, Chopra also says that aging can be accelerated, for example by a person engaging in "cynical mistrust".[104]

Robert Todd Carroll has characterized Chopra's promotion of lengthened life as a selling of "hope" that seems to be "a false hope based on an unscientific imagination steeped in mysticism and cheerily dispensed gibberish".[87]

Spirituality and religion[edit]

Chopra has likened the universe to a "reality sandwich" which has three layers: the "material" world, a "quantum" zone of matter and energy, and a "virtual" zone outside of time and space, which is the domain of God, and from which God can direct the other layers. Chopra has written that human beings' brains are "hardwired to know God" and that the functions of the human nervous system mirror divine experience.[105] Chopra has written that his thinking has been inspired by Jiddu Krishnamurti, a 20th-century speaker and writer on philosophical and spiritual subjects.[106]

In 2012, reviewing War of the Worldviews – a book co-authored by Chopra and Leonard Mlodinow – physics professor Mark Alford says that the work is set out as a debate between the two authors, "[covering] all the big questions: cosmology, life and evolution, the mind and brain, and God". Alford considers the two sides of the debate a false opposition, and says that "the counterpoint to Chopra's speculations is not science, with its complicated structure of facts, theories, and hypotheses," but rather Occam's razor.[107]

In August 2005, Chopra wrote a series of articles on the creation-evolution controversy and Intelligent design, which were criticized by science writer Michael Shermer, founder of The Skeptics Society.[108][109][110] Shermer has said that Chopra is "the very definition of what we mean by pseudoscience".[111]

Position on skepticism[edit]

Paul Kurtz, an American skeptic and secular humanist, has written that the popularity of Chopra's views is associated with increasing anti-scientific attitudes in society, and such popularity represents an assault on the objectivity of science itself by seeking new, alternative, forms of validation for ideas. Kurtz says that medical claims must always be submitted to open-minded but proper scrutiny, and that skepticism "has its work cut out for it".[112]

In 2013, Chopra published an article on what he saw as "skepticism" at work in Wikipedia, arguing that a "stubborn band of militant skeptics" were editing articles to prevent what he believes would be a fair representation of the views of such figures as Rupert Sheldrake, an author, lecturer, and researcher in parapsychology. The result, Chopra argued, was that the encyclopedia's readers were denied the opportunity to read of attempts to "expand science beyond its conventional boundaries".[113] The biologist Jerry Coyne responded, saying that it was instead Chopra who was losing out as his views were being "exposed as a lot of scientifically-sounding psychobabble".[113]

More broadly, Chopra has attacked skepticism as a whole, writing in The Huffington Post that "No skeptic, to my knowledge, ever made a major scientific discovery or advanced the welfare of others."[114] Astronomer Phil Plait said this statement trembled "on the very edge of being a blatant and gross lie", listing Carl Sagan, Richard Feynman, Stephen Jay Gould, and Edward Jenner as some among "thousands of other scientists are skeptics" who he said were counterexamples to Chopra's statement.[115]

Use of scientific terminology[edit]

Reviewing Susan Jacoby's book, The Age of American Unreason, Wendy Kaminer sees Chopra's popular reception in America as being symptomatic of many Americans' historical inability (as Jacoby puts it) "to distinguish between real scientists and those who peddled theories in the guise of science". Chopra's "nonsensical references to quantum physics" are placed in a lineage of American religious pseudoscience, extending back through Scientology to Christian Science.[116] Physics professor Chad Orzel has written that "to a physicist, Chopra's babble about 'energy fields' and 'congealing quantum soup' presents as utter gibberish", but that Chopra makes enough references to technical terminology to convince non-scientists that he understands physics.[117] English professor George O'Har writes that Chopra is as an exemplification of the fact that human beings need "magic" in their lives, and places "the sophistries of Chopra" alongside the emotivism of Oprah Winfrey, the special effects and logic of Star Trek, and the magic of Harry Potter.[118]

Chopra has been criticized for his frequent references to the relationship of quantum mechanics to healing processes, a connection that has drawn skepticism from physicists who say it can be considered as contributing to the general confusion in the popular press regarding quantum measurement, decoherence and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.[119] In 1998, Chopra was awarded the satirical Ig Nobel Prize in physics for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness".[120] When interviewed by ethologist and evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in the Channel 4 (UK) documentary The Enemies of Reason, Chopra said that he used the term "quantum physics" as "a metaphor" and that it had little to do with quantum theory in physics.[121] In March 2010, Chopra and Jean Houston debated Sam Harris and Michael Shermer at the California Institute of Technology on the question "Does God Have a Future?" Shermer and Harris criticized Chopra's use of scientific terminology to expound unrelated spiritual concepts.[111]

Yoga[edit]

In April 2010 Aseem Shukla, co-founder of the Hindu American Foundation, criticized Chopra for suggesting that yoga did not have its origins in Hinduism but in an older Indian spiritual tradition.[122] Chopra later said that yoga was rooted in "consciousness alone" expounded by Vedic rishis long before historic Hinduism ever arose. He accused Shukla of having a "fundamentalist agenda". Shukla responded by saying Chopra was an exponent of the art of "How to Deconstruct, Repackage and Sell Hindu Philosophy Without Calling it Hindu!", and he said Chopra's mentioning of fundamentalism was an attempt to divert the debate.[123][124]

Legal actions[edit]

In May 1991 the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published an article by Chopra and two others on Ayurvedic medicine and TM.[125] JAMA subsequently published an erratum stating that the lead author, Hari M. Sharma, had undisclosed financial interests, followed by an article by JAMA associate editor Andrew A. Skolnick which was highly critical of Chopra and the other authors for failing to disclose their financial connections to the article subject.[126] Several experts on meditation and traditional Indian medicine criticized JAMA for accepting the "shoddy science" of the original article.[127] Chopra and two TM groups sued Skolnick and JAMA for defamation, asking for $194 million in damages, but the case was dismissed in March 1993.[128]

Chopra was sued for copyright infringement by Robert Sapolsky, for using a chart displaying information on the endocrinology of stress without proper attribution, after the publication of Chopra’s book Ageless Body, Timeless Mind.[129] "An out-of-court settlement" resulted in Chopra correctly attributing material that was researched by Sapolsky.[130]

Select bibliography[edit]

As of 2014 Chopra has written 75 books, 21 of them New York Times bestsellers, which have been translated into 35 languages.[131] His book The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success was on The New York Times Best Seller list[132] for 72 weeks.[133] His publishers have used his medical degree on the covers of his books as a way to "buttress" the spiritual claims for Western clients.[44] In the 2008 book, Superstition: Belief in the Age of Science Robert L. Park writes that "The fact that Chopra’s pseudoscientific New Age blather sells at all is a sad commentary on reading tastes, but we don’t burn books anymore, even terrible books. However, we do segregate them. It's not a perfect solution."[134]

Books
  • (2013) with Sanjiv Chopra, Brotherhood: Dharma, Destiny, and the American Dream, New Harvest.
  • (2013) What Are You Hungry For?. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-770-43721-4. 
  • (2012) with Rudolph E. Tanzi, Super Brain. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-307-95682-2. 
  • (2012) God: A Story of Revelation. HarperOne.
  • (2011) with Leonard Mlodinow, War of the Worldviews. Harmony.
  • (2009) Reinventing the Body, Resurrecting the Soul
  • (2008) The Third Jesus. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-307-33831-2. 
  • (2008) The Soul of Leadership. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-307-40806-X. 
  • (2004) The Book of Secrets. New York: Harmony. ISBN 0-517-70624-5. 
  • (2000) with David Simon,The Chopra Center Herbal Handbook, Random House.
  • (1996) The Path to Love
  • (1995) The Way of the Wizard. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-517-70434-X. 
  • (1995) The Return of Merlin. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-59849-3. 
  • (1995) Ageless Body Timeless Mind. New York: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-59257-6. 
  • (1994) The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success. San Rafael: Amber Allen Publishing and New World Library. ISBN 1-878424-11-4. 
  • (1991) Return of the Rishi: A Doctor's Story of Spiritual Transformation and Ayurvedic Healing. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
  • (1991) Perfect Health. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-81367-6. 
  • (1989) Quantum Healing. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-05368-X. 
  • (1987) Creating Health. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-395429-53-6. 
Articles

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra; Sanjiv Chopra (2013). Brotherhood: Dharma, Destiny, and the American Dream. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 5–. ISBN 0-544-03210-1. 
  2. Jump up ^ "Chopra Brothers Tell Story of How They Became Americans and Doctors in Memoir". PBS News Hour. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2015. 
    Deepak Chopra; Sanjiv Chopra (2013). Brotherhood: Dharma, Destiny, and the American Dream. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 194. ISBN 0-544-03210-1. 
    Boye Lafayette De Mente (1 January 1976). Cultural Failures That Are Destroying the American Dream! - The Destructive Influence of Male Dominance & Religious Dogma!. Cultural-Insight Books. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-914778-17-2. 
  3. Jump up ^ "Deepak Chopra". Forbes. June 14, 2007. 
  4. Jump up ^ Alter, Charlotte (26 November 2014). "Deepak Chopra on Why Gratitude is Good For You". Time Magazine. Retrieved 16 December 2014. 
  5. Jump up ^ "Deepak Chopra". The Huffington Post. 
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c Chopra 1991, pp. 54–57; Joanne Kaufman, "Deepak Chopra – An 'Inner Stillness,' Even on the Subway," The New York Times, October 17, 2013.
  7. Jump up ^ Strauss, Valerie. "Deepak Chopra blasts scientist who criticized his view of evolution. The scientist fires back.". Answer Sheet. The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 May 2015. 
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c John Gamel, "Hokum on the Rise: The 70-Percent Solution", The Antioch Review, 66(1), 2008, p. 130.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Perry, Tony (7 September 1997). "So Rich, So Restless". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 10 November 2013. 
  10. Jump up ^ David Steele (11 September 2012). The Million Dollar Private Practice: Using Your Expertise to Build a Business That Makes a Difference. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-1-118-22081-8. 
  11. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra, Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind Body Medicine, Random House, 2009 [1989], preface; Brian Goldman, "Ayurvedism: Eastern Medicine Moves West", Canadian Medical Association Journal, 144(2), January 15, 1991, pp. 218–221.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c Schneiderman, LJ (2003). "The (alternative) medicalization of life". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31 (2): 191–7. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00080.x. PMID 12964263. 
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b Park, Robert L (2000). "Chapter 9: Voodoo medicine in a scientific world". In Ashman, Keith; Barringer, Phillip. After the Science Wars: Science and the Study of Science. Taylor & Francis. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-203-97774-3. 
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c Tompkins, Ptolemy (November 14, 2008). "New Age Supersage". time.com. Retrieved December 2012. Ever since his early days as an advocate of alternative healing and nutrition, Chopra has been a magnet for criticism 
  15. Jump up ^ For Chopra and the placebo effect, Gamel (Antioch Review) 2008; Deepak Chopra, "I Will Not Be Pleased - Your Health and the Nocebo Effect", San Francisco Chronicle, October 17, 2012.
    • For "false hope," Ptolemy Tompkins, "New Age Supersage", Time, November 14, 2008.
    • For criticism of quantum-physics terminology and denying people the prospects of a cure, Robert L. Park, "Voodoo medicine in a scientific world," in Keith Ashman and Phillip Barringer (eds.), After the Science Wars: Science and the Study of Science, Taylor & Francis, 2000, p. 137; Robert L. Park, Voodoo Science, Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 192ff.
  16. Jump up ^ Chopra and Chopra 2013, pp. 5, 161.
  17. Jump up ^ Chopra 2013, pp. 5–6, 11–13; Michael Schulder (May 24, 2013). "The Chopra Brothers". CNN. .
  18. Jump up ^ "Chopra, Sanjiv, MD", Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, retrieved May 15, 2014.
  19. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra, Return of the Rishi, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1991, p. 1.
  20. Jump up ^ Carl Lindgren (March 31, 2010). "International Dreamer – Deepak Chopra". Map Magazine's Street Editors. 
  21. Jump up ^ Chopra 1991, p. 57; Deepak Chopra, "Special Keynote with Dr. Deepak Chopra", November 2013, from 2:50 mins; Richard Knox, "Foreign doctors: a US dilemma", The Boston Globe, June 30, 1974.
  22. Jump up ^ "Dr. Deepak K Chopra", U.S. News and World Report.
  23. Jump up ^ "Deepak K. Chopra, M.D.", Commonwealth of Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine; "Verify a Physician's Certification", American Board of Internal Medicine.
  24. Jump up ^ Baer, 2004. "Toward an Integrative Medicine", p.121
  25. Jump up ^ Chopra 1991, p. 105ff.
  26. Jump up ^ Chopra 1991, p. 125.
  27. Jump up ^ Rosamund Burton (June 4, 2006). "Peace Seeker". Nova Magazine. 
  28. Jump up ^ Chopra 1991, p. 139ff; Baer 2003, p. 237.
  29. Jump up ^ Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, "The Crisis of Perception", Media Monitors Network, February 29, 2008.
  30. Jump up ^ Elise Pettus, "The Mind–Body Problems," New York Magazine, August 14, 1995, (pp. 28–31, 95), p. 30. Also see Deepak Chopra, "Letters: Deepak responds," New York Magazine, September 25, 1995, p. 16.
  31. Jump up ^ Cynthia Ann Humes, "Schisms within Hindu guru groups: the Transcendental Meditation movement in North America," in James R. Lewis, Sarah M. Lewis (eds.), Sacred Schisms: How Religions Divide, Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 297. Also see Cynthia Ann Humes, "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: Beyond the TM Technique," in Thomas A. Forsthoefel, Cynthia Ann Humes (eds.), Gurus in America, State University of New York Press, 2005, pp. 68–69.
  32. Jump up ^ Tony Perry (September 7, 1997). "So Rich, So Restless". Los Angeles Times. p. 2. 
  33. Jump up ^ "Deepak Chopra, M.D.", Gallup. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  34. Jump up ^ Pettus (New York Magazine) 1995, p. 31.
  35. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra, "A Tribute to My Friend, Michael Jackson".
  36. Jump up ^ The Huffington Post, June 26, 2009; Gerald Posner, "Deepak Chopra: How Michael Jackson Could Have Been Saved", The Daily Beast, July 2, 2009, p. 4.
  37. Jump up ^ Pettus (New York Magazine) 1995, p. 31; Baer 2004, p. 129.
  38. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra, "The Maharishi Years – The Untold Story: Recollections of a Former Disciple", The Huffington Post, February 13, 2008.
  39. Jump up ^ Nilanjana Bhaduri Jha (Jun 22, 2004). "'Employee loyalty comes first, the rest will follow' - Economic Times". Indiatimes. Retrieved 4 June 2014. 
  40. ^ Jump up to: a b Carroll, Robert Todd (11 January 2011). The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions. John Wiley & Sons. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-118-04563-3. 
  41. Jump up ^ Humes 2005, p. 69; Humes 2009, pp. 299, 302.
  42. Jump up ^ Cynthia Ann Humes, "Maharishi Ayur-Veda: Perfect Health through Enlightened Marketing in America," in Frederick M. Smith, Dagmar Wujastyk (eds.), Modern and Global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms, State University of New York Press, 2008, p. 324.
  43. Jump up ^ Hoffman, Claire (February 22, 2013). "David Lynch Is Back … as a Guru of Transcendental Meditation". New York Times. 
  44. ^ Jump up to: a b LLC, New York Media, (1995-08-14). New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. pp. 95–. Retrieved 16 December 2014. 
  45. Jump up ^ "Chopra, Deepak", California Department of Consumer Affairs
  46. Jump up ^ "Dr. Deepak K Chopra", U.S. News & World Report
  47. Jump up ^ "Endocrinologists, Scripps La Jolla Hospitals and Clinics", U.S. News & World Report.
  48. Jump up ^ "Mind–Body Medical Group", Chopra Center; Deepak Chopra, "The Mind–Body Medical Group at the Chopra Center", The Chopra Well, May 26, 2014.
  49. Jump up ^ "Deepak Chopra, M.D.", The Chopra Center.
  50. Jump up ^ Alice Gomstyn, Chris Connelly (November 4, 2011). "Michael Jackson's Secret World: Willing Doctors, Hospital-Grade Sedatives". ABC News. 
  51. Jump up ^ Paul A. Offit, Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine, HarperCollins, 2013, p. 39; "Full Transcript: Your Call with Dr Deepak Chopra", NDTV, January 23, 2012; also see Craig Bromberg, "Doc of Ages," People, November 15, 1993.
  52. Jump up ^ For the National Council's letter, Humes 2005, p. 68; Humes 2009, p. 297; for the rest, Pettus (New York Magazine) 1995, p. 31.
  53. Jump up ^ Humes 2008, p. 326.
  54. Jump up ^ David Ogul (February 9, 2012). "David Simon, 61, mind-body medicine pioneer, opened Chopra Center for Wellbeing". U-T San Diego. p. 1. 
  55. Jump up ^ Offit, Paul (2013). Do You Believe in Magic? The Sense and Nonsense of Alternative Medicine. HarperCollins. pp. 245–246. ISBN 978-0062222961. 
  56. Jump up ^ Rowe 2014, madly, deeply Deepak Chopra.
  57. Jump up ^ Srinivas Aravamudan, Guru English: South Asian Religion in a Cosmopolitan Language, Princeton University Press, 2005, p. 257.
  58. Jump up ^ Baer 2003, pp. 240–241, 246.
  59. Jump up ^ "Just Capitalism & Cause Driven Marketing". Columbia University. Spring 2014. 
  60. Jump up ^ "The Soul of Leadership". Kellogg School of Management, Executive Education. Retrieved May 14, 2014. 
  61. Jump up ^ "Update in Internal Medicine". updateinternalmedicine.com/faculty. updateinternalmedicine.com. 
  62. Jump up ^ Robert Todd Carroll (2011). "Auyrvedic medicine". The Skeptic's Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-118-04563-3. 
  63. Jump up ^ Maureen Seaberg. "Let's Raise ISHAR!". The Huffington Post. 
  64. Jump up ^ "State.com/about". Retrieved September 9, 2013. 
  65. Jump up ^ Jane Kelly (October 9, 2013). "Chopra and Huffington to Hold a Public Meditation on the Lawn Oct. 15". UVAToday. 
  66. Jump up ^ Anne Cukier (January 22, 2014). "Sages and Scientists Symposium 2014". Zapaday. 
  67. Jump up ^ "NAMA's Board of Advisors".
  68. ^ Jump up to: a b Butler, J. Thomas (1 July 2011). Consumer Health: Making Informed Decisions. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 117–. ISBN 978-1-4496-7543-1. 
  69. Jump up ^ "Gallup Senior Scientists". Gallup.com. Retrieved February 18, 2011. 
  70. Jump up ^ Belton, Beth (June 25, 2013). "Men's Wearhouse fires back at George Zimmer". USA Today. Retrieved July 10, 2013. 
  71. Jump up ^ David Segal, "Deepak Chopra And a New Age Of Comic Books", The Washington Post, March 3, 2007.
  72. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra, "What Is Consciousness & Where Is It?", discussion with Rudolph Tanzi, Menas Kafatos and Lothar Schäfer, Science and Nonduality Conference, 2013, 08:12 mins.
  73. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra, Stuart Hameroff, "The 'Quantum Soul': A Scientific Hypothesis," in Alexander Moreira-Almeida, Franklin Santana Santos (eds.), Exploring Frontiers of the Mind-Brain Relationship, Springer, 2011 (pp. 79–93), p. 85.
  74. Jump up ^ Chopra 2009 [1989], preface, pp. 71–72, 74.
  75. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra, "Dangerous Ideas: Deepak Chopra & Richard Dawkins", University of Puebla, November 9, 2013, 26:23 mins.
  76. Jump up ^ "India Today Conclave 2015: Darwin was wrong, says Deepak Chopra". India Today. 13 Mar 2015. 
    As quoted by Steve Newton (8 April 2015). "Why Does Deepak Chopra Hate Me?". NCSE blog. 
    As quoted by Valerie Strauss (20 May 2015). "Deepak Chopra blasts scientist who criticized his view of evolution. The scientist fires back.". The Washington Post (blog). 
  77. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra and Leonard Mlodinow, War of the Worldviews, Random House, 2011, p. 123.
  78. Jump up ^ O'Neill, Ian (26 May 2011). "Does Quantum Theory Explain Consciousness?". Discovery News (Discovery Communications, LLC). Retrieved 11 August 2014. 
  79. Jump up ^ Deepak Chopra, "Deepak Chopra Meditation", courtesy of YouTube, December 10, 2012.
  80. Jump up ^ "Deepak Chopra and the Chopra Center". ReligionFacts.com. Religion Facts. Retrieved 22 July 2014. 
  81. Jump up ^ "Oprah Winfrey & Deepak Chopra Launch All-New Meditation Experience 'Expanding Your Happiness'". Broadway World. Retrieved 22 July 2014. 
  82. Jump up ^ For imbalance, see Baer 2004, p. 128; for the rest, Chopra 2009 [1989], pp. 222–224, 234ff.
  83. Jump up ^ "Ayurvedic medicine". Cancer Research UK. Retrieved August 2013. There is no scientific evidence to prove that Ayurvedic medicine can treat or cure cancer or any other disease. 
  84. Jump up ^ Chopra 2009 [1989], pp. 15, 241; Deepak Chopra, "Healing wisdom", The Chopra Center, June 12, 2013.
  85. Jump up ^ Suzanne Newcombe, "Ayurvedic Medicine in Britain and the Epistemology of Practicing Medicine in Good Faith," in Smith and Wujastyk 2008, pp. 263–264; Kenneth Zysk, "New Age Ayurveda or what happens to Indian medicine when it comes to America," Traditional South Asian Medicine, 6, 2001, pp. 10–26. Also see Francoise Jeannotat, "Maharishi Ayur-veda," in Smith and Wujastyk 2008, p. 285ff.
  86. Jump up ^ John W. Zamarra, "Quantum Healing: Exploring the frontiers of mind/body medicine", New England Journal of Medicine, 321, December 14, 1989.
  87. ^ Jump up to: a b Carroll, Robert Todd (19 May 2013), "Deepak Chopra", The Skeptic's Dictionary, retrieved April 2014 
  88. Jump up ^ Cox, Brian (2012-02-20). "Why Quantum Theory Is So Misunderstood - Speakeasy - WSJ". Blogs.wsj.com. Retrieved 2012-12-15. 
  89. Jump up ^ "'Magic' of Quantum Physics". Aske-skeptics.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-12-15. 
  90. Jump up ^ Park 2000, p. 137; Victor J. Stenger (2007). "Quantum Quackery". Skeptical Inquirer 27 (1): 37. ; "Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize". Improbable Research. Retrieved December 1, 2008. 
  91. Jump up ^ "Nightline Face-Off: Does God Have a Future", ABC News, courtesy of YouTube, 17:22 mins; also see Dan Harris and Ely Brown (March 23, 2010). "Nightline Face-Off: Does God Have a Future". ABC News. 
  92. Jump up ^ Richard Dawkins, "Interview with Chopra", The Enemies of Reason, Channel 4 (UK), 2007; Deepak Chopra, "Richard Dawkins Plays God: The Video (Updated)", The Huffington Post, June 19, 2013.
  93. Jump up ^ Dann Dulin, "The Medicine Man", interview with Deepak Chopra, A&U magazine, 2000.
  94. Jump up ^ Chopra 2009 [1989], pp. 37, 237, 239–241.
  95. Jump up ^ Lawrence J. Schneiderman (2003). "The (Alternative) Medicalization of Life". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31 (2): 192. doi:10.1111/j.1748-720X.2003.tb00080.x. PMID 12964263. 
  96. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Wanjek, Christopher (2003). Bad Medicine: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O. Wiley Bad Science Series. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 224–. ISBN 978-0-471-46315-3. 
  97. Jump up ^ Posner, Gary P (2001). "Hardly a Prayer on ABC's 20/20 Downtown". Skeptical Inquirer (November/December). 
  98. Jump up ^ For Time, Peter Rowe, "Truly, madly, deeply Deepak Chopra," U-T San Diego, May 3, 2014, p. 1; for Clinton, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton, 2000-2001, January 1 to June 26, 2000, Government Printing Office, 2001, p. 508; for Gorbachev and the quote, Cosmo Landesman, "There's an easy way to save the world," The Sunday Times, May 8, 2005.
  99. Jump up ^ George M. O'Har (2000). "Magic in the Machine Age". Technology and Culture 41 (4): 864. doi:10.1353/tech.2000.0174. JSTOR 25147641. 
  100. Jump up ^ Paul Kurtz, Skepticism and Humanism: The New Paradigm, Transaction Publishers, 2001, p. 110; Wendy Kaminer (2008). "The Corrosion of the American Mind". The Wilson Quarterly 32 (2): 92. JSTOR 40262377. 
  101. Jump up ^ Henderson, Mark (7 February 2004). "Junk medicine; The triumph of mumbo jumbo". The Times (Book review). p. 4. 
  102. Jump up ^ Francis Wheen (6 July 2005). How Mumbo-Jumbo Conquered the World: A Short History of Modern Delusions. PublicAffairs. pp. 46–. ISBN 978-0-7867-2352-2. 
  103. Jump up ^ Stephen Barrett. "A Few Thoughts on Ayurvedic Mumbo-Jumbo". 
  104. Jump up ^ Moukheiber, Zina (1994). "Lord of immortality". Forbes (Book review) 153 (8): 132. 
  105. Jump up ^ Lois Malcolm (2003). "God as best seller: Deepak Chopra, Neal Walsch and New Age theology". The Christian Century 120 (19): 31.  commenting on Deepak Chopra (2008). How To Know God. Ebury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4090-2220-6. 
  106. Jump up ^ Blau, Evelyne (May 1995). Krishnamurti: 100 Years. Stewart, Tabori, & Chang. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-55670-407-9. 
  107. Jump up ^ Alford, Mark (2012). "Is science the antidote to Deepak Chopra's spirituality?". Skeptical Inquirer 36 (3): 54. 
  108. Jump up ^ Chopra, Deepak (August 23, 2005). "Intelligent Design Without the Bible". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 30, 2008. 
  109. Jump up ^ Shermer, Michael (March 28, 2008). "Skyhooks and Cranes: Deepak Chopra, George W. Bush, and Intelligent Design". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 30, 2008. 
  110. Jump up ^ Chopra, Deepak (August 24, 2005). "Rescuing Intelligent Design — But from Whom?". The Huffington Post. Retrieved November 30, 2008. 
  111. ^ Jump up to: a b "Nightline Face-Off Does God Have a Future – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. March 23, 2010. Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  112. Jump up ^ Paul Kurtz (2001). Skepticism and Humanism: The New Paradigm. Transaction Publishers. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4128-3411-7. 
  113. ^ Jump up to: a b Coyne, Jerry A (8 November 2013). "Pseudoscientist Rupert Sheldrake Is Not Being Persecuted, And Is Not Like Galileo". The New Republic. 
  114. Jump up ^ Chopra, Deepak (30 November 2009). "The Perils Of Skepticism". The Huffington Post. Retrieved April 2014. 
  115. Jump up ^ Plait, Phil (1 December 2009). "Deepak Chopra: redefining 'wrong'". Discover. Retrieved April 2014. 
  116. Jump up ^ Kaminer, Wendy (2008). "The Corrosion of the American Mind (reviewing The Age of American Unreason by Susan Jacoby)". The Wilson Quarterly 32 (2): 92. JSTOR 40262377. Then came Scientology, the "science" of positive thinking, and, more recently, New Age healer Deepak Chopra's nonsensical references to quantum physics 
  117. Jump up ^ Orzel, Chad (11 October 2013). "Malcolm Gladwell Is Deepak Chopra". ScienceBlogs. Retrieved 13 October 2013. 
  118. Jump up ^ O'Har, George M (2000). "Magic in the Machine Age". Technology and Culture 41 (4): 862. doi:10.1353/tech.2000.0174. 
  119. Jump up ^ Stenger, Victor J (1997). "Quantum Quackery". Skeptical Inquirer 21 (1): 37-. 
  120. Jump up ^ "Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize". Improbable Research. Retrieved December 1, 2008. 
  121. Jump up ^ "The Enemies of Reason". Channel 4. Retrieved September 2013. 
  122. Jump up ^ Shukla, Aseem. "April 28, 2010". Newsweek.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 18, 2011. 
  123. Jump up ^ Shukla, Aseem. "Dr. Chopra: Honor thy heritage". Newsweek.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 18, 2011. 
  124. Jump up ^ Shukla, Aseem. "On Faith Panelists Blog: Hinduism and Sanatana Dharma: One and the same – Aseem Shukla". Newsweek.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved July 9, 2010. 
  125. Jump up ^ Hari M. Sharma; B. D. Triguna; Deepak Chopra (May 22, 1991). "Maharishi Ayur-Veda: Modern insights into ancient medicine". Journal of the American Medical Association 265 (20): 2633–4, 2637. doi:10.1001/jama.265.20.2633. PMID 1817464. 
  126. Jump up ^ "Financial Disclosure". JAMA 266 (6): 798. August 14, 1991. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470060060025. ; Andrew A. Skolnick (October 2, 1991). "Maharishi Ayur-Veda: Guru's marketing scheme promises the world eternal 'perfect health'". JAMA 266 (13): 1741–1750. doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470130017003. PMID 1817475. .
  127. Jump up ^ Robert Barnett; Cathy Sears (October 11, 1991). "JAMA gets into an Indian herbal jam". Science 254 (5029): 189. doi:10.1126/science.1925571. JSTOR 2885745. PMID 1925571. 
  128. Jump up ^ Pettus (New York Magazine) 1995, p. 31; "Deepak's Days in Court". The New York Times. August 18, 1996. 
  129. Jump up ^ Kazak, Don (March 5, 1997). "matDon Kazak, "Book Talk", ''Time'' (March 5, 1997)". paloaltoonline.com. Retrieved August 1, 2012. 
  130. Jump up ^ TNN, April 15, 2001, 02:04 pm IST (April 15, 2001). "The Times of India, Halyeema Sayed, The Mind-Body, April 15, 2001". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved February 18, 2011. 
  131. Jump up ^ "An Afternoon Meditation on the Lawn with Deepak Chopra and Arianna Huffington", University of Virginia and the Contemplative Sciences Center.
  132. Jump up ^ Presley Noble, Barbara (2 April 1995). "SPENDING IT: OFF THE SHELF; Habits of Highly Effective Authors". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 December 2014. 
  133. Jump up ^ McGee, Micki (2005-08-10). Self-Help, Inc.: Makeover Culture in American Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 71–. ISBN 9780199883684. Retrieved 15 December 2014. 
  134. Jump up ^ Robert L. Park (22 September 2008). Superstition: Belief in the Age of Science. Princeton University Press. p. 125. ISBN 1-4008-2877-5. 

Further reading[edit]

Butler, J. Thomas. "Ayurveda," in Consumer Health: Making Informed Decisions, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2011, pp. 117–118.
Butler, Kurt and Barrett, Stephen (1992). A Consumer's Guide to "Alternative Medicine": A Close Look at Homeopathy, Acupuncture, Faith-healing, and Other Unconventional Treatments. Prometheus Books, pp. 110–116. ISBN 978-0-87975-733-5.
Kaeser, Eduard (July 2013). "Science kitsch and pop science: A reconnaissance". Public Understanding of Science 22 (5): 559–69. doi:10.1177/0963662513489390. PMID 23833170. 
Kafatos, Menas, Nadeau, Robert. The Conscious Universe: Parts and Wholes in Physical Reality, Springer, 2013.
Nacson, Leon (1998). Deepak Chopra: How to Live in a World of Infinite Possibilities. Random House. ISBN 0-09-183673-5. 
Scherer, Jochen. "The 'scientific' presentation and legitimation of the teaching of synchronicity in New Age literature," in James R. Lewis, Olav Hammer (eds.), Handbook of Religion and the Authority of Science, Brill Academic Publishers, 2010.

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